Lock.



R. S. MARSH.

vLOCK. APPLICATION FILED IULY23'. |914.

1,205,370. Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I- R. S. MARSH.

LOCK.

APPLICATION FI'LED IULY23| 1914.

Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@e v @l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROY s. MARSH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOI-s, AssIGNoR. or ONE-FOURTH MARSH, ornvANsToN, ILLINOIS.

To CLARENCE s.

LOCK.

Specication of Letters Patent.

. Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

Application med July 2s, 1914. serial No. 852,544.

To all whom it may Concern Be it known that I, ROY S. MARSH, a citizenof the United States, residing at Chicago, in thecounty of Cook andState of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inLocks, of which the following is a specification.

The invention has4 for its object the provision of a lock mechanismwhich shall be in the highest degree proof against unauthorizedmanipulation and which shallv atl the same time possess great simplicityof mechanical construction contributing to low cost of production andnon-liability to get.

out of Order.

In order that the invention may be readily understood by those skilledin the art a preferred embodiment of the same is set forth -in theaccompanying drawings and in the description based thereon. As, however,the invention is susceptible of embodiment in other and variedconstructional forms the drawing and description are to be taken in anillustrative and not in an unnecessarily limiting sense.

In the drawings-Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a mortiselock taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 3 and showing the parts in a lockedposition; Fig. 2 is a similar secmediately to the rear of the projection13 is a guard member in the form of a lever 15 pivoted at 16 in suchposition that its forward end presents an unyieldingabutment to opposethe unlocking movement of the bolt. The projection 13 has an extension17 illustrated as being offset laterally. n An arm 18 is rigidly affixedto the barrel 19 car-` ried by the knob spindle 20 and is adapted uponthe turning of the knob to bear with its lower end against thelextension 17 in order to retract the bolt 11 against the ten-` sion ofthe spring 12. Obviously, however,

if the guard lever 15 occupies the position shown in Fig. 1 behind theprojection 13, the bolt cannot be retracted by means of the manipulationof the knob. In order to provide for the Operation of the bolt by meansof the knob, however, a iexible connection 1s provided between thebarrel 20 iand the guard lever 15 by means of a metallic band 21 securedto the barrel at 22 and having in its lower end a slot 23 taking over apin 24 carried by the lever. j

As constructed it is apparent that when the knob is manipulated so as torotate the barrel 19 the lever 15 will be raised by means of theflexible connection 21 from vbehind the projection 13 and permitthe arm18 to push Ehi;j projection to the left thus retracting the o t. A

The knob spindle 19 i' comprises twoy sections 19 and 19a, as shown inFig. 4, the sections having fixed thereon barrels 2O and'20arespectively` which barrels have alined communicating slots 24 and 25. Abar 26 is pivoted at 27 in the slot 25 and the free end of the armextends into thel slot 24. A spring 28 mounted within the slot 25 belowthe arm outwardly and maintain" the same free of the slot 24. Anoperating member 29 is dis posed adjacent the bar 26 and has anl arcuateface 30 corresponding in extent to at least the arc of rotation of thesaid bar as the knob is turned.- A pair ofpush rods 31, 32 are mountedwith their headsla and 32a in such a lposition as to be accessible atthe edge of the door. The rod 31 is attached to or formed integral withthe operating member 29 and the two rods are connected by a rockingarmy33 pivoted at 34 so that as one moves in one direction the othermoves in the opposite direction whereby the operating member 29 may beadvanced or retracted in order to lhold the bar 261 in the slot 24 toeffect la coupling between the sections ofthe Ispindle or 'to permitits' expul- Asion from the slot 24 by means of the spring 28 in order touncouple the sections. A detent 35`is upwardly pressed by means of thereadily understood that in the position of the parts illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2 `the spindle sections are disconnected and consequentlythe knob on the outer side of the door cannot be utilized to operate thebolt 11 for the reason that it is entirely disconnected from the barrel19 to which the members 21 and 13 are connected. On the other hand, ifthe push button 31L be pressed inwardly the operating member 29 willpress the bar 26 inwardly so as to couple the two barrels 20 and 20a andthus provide for the manipulation of the bolt from the outer door knob.

Provision is made for the manipulation of the lock by means of a properkey and safeguarded against the employment of the wrong key in themanner following: A guard-operating member in the form of a lever 37 ispivoted at 38 above the guard lever l5 and is 'connected thereto bymeans of a link 39 having a pivotal connection with the lever 37 at 40,while the opposite end of the link 39 is connected to a pin 41 in theguard lever 15. On the opposite side of the keyhole is pivoted at 42 asecond guard in the form of a lever 43 and below the same is pivoted at44 a guard-operating lever 45, the two levers 43 and 45 being connectedby `means of a. link 46. The adjacent free ends of the guard-operatinglever 37 andthe guard llever 43 lie in the same plane which is includedin theplane of rotation of the key 14 and specifically in the planeofrotation of one of its projecting wards 47 the ends of the twoleverscorrespond substantially to a radial line drawn from the aXis of thekey.

When the key 14 is inserted within the loclrits ward 47n occupies theposition shown in Fig. 1 beneath-thefree end of the guardoperatinglever37 and as the key is rotated in a clock-wise direction, asindicated by the arrow in .said figure, it engages the lower edge of thelever 37 and lifts the same, thereby lowering theopposite end of saidlever and by means of theilink 39 lowering the rear end of the guardlever 15 thus lifting the front end-of saidguard lever from its positionbehind the projection 13 so as to leave the bolt free Vto be retracted.As the rotation ofthe key is continued its ward 47 would strike againstthe free end of the guard lever 43 and its further movement would bearrested, were it not that a ward 48 on the opposite side of the keysimultaneously engages the free end of the guardoperating lever 45 anddepresses the same transmitting the movement of said guard lever by?means of the link 46 to the rear end Aof lthe guard 43 -thus causing theforward endoffthesaid guard lever to be lifted to the position indicatedFig. 2 and permitting the ward 47 .of ithegkey-14to pass thereunder.

As the key turns farther its ward 43 strikes the projection 13 andforces the bolt to the left against the tension of its spring 12, thekey at that time assuming the position illustrated in Fig. 2. Upon thereverse movement of the key the bolt is released and again made subjectto the spring 12 while the ward 47 passes from beneath the free end ofthe guard lever 43 and permits the said guard to drop. 1t is also freeto immediately thereafter pass beneath the free end of theguard-operating lever' which is held in its upright position by theprojection 13 bearing upon the free end of the guard lever 15 untilafter the ward 47 of the key is entered below Lthe end of theguard-operating lever 37. lhen the key is turned to its former position,indicated in Fig. 1, the levers drop by gravity to their originalposition as shown in said gure and the bolt is held against retractionby the unyielding guard lever 15.

rEhe characteristic feature of the lock mechanism just described is thatthe `guardoperating lever 45 must be actuated before the ward 47 canpass the end of the guard lever 43 and the guard-operating lever 37 mustbe actuated before the bolt can be retracted. Consequently if a key werefiled with a notch in its back so as to clear the end of the guard lever43 the lock would still not operate for the reason that when 'the fulmanipulation of the lock by the provision of a guard plate 49 of arcuateform'V and disposed concentric to the axis of the key immediately withinthe lock case. This guard plate is provided with wards 50, 51 and 52which correspond with similar wards of the key so as to permit theinitial rotation of the key only when the wards of the key and of theguard plate correspond. Carried by the guard plate 49 is a guard arm 53having an arcuate portion 54 which is disposed in the plane of rotationof the key concentric to the key axis. The key is likewise provided withan aperture 55 which is adapted to receive the end 56 of the guard arm53 and guide the key thereon. It will be noticed that the aperture 55 ofthe key is radially in line with the ward 48 and consequently it willnot suffice to provide a key with a notch whichV will clear the end 56of the ward arm, as in that case the ward 48 would have to be dispensedwith and the guard-operating lever 45 would not'be depressed as the keywas rotated.

It will be observed that the attachment between the fieXible member 21and the guard lever l5 is by means of a pin and slot,

thus allowing the guard member 15 to be` operated independently by thekey and by the knob without interfering one with the other, this beingdue to the motion at the point of attachment, the pin 24 being allowedto play-idly within the slot of the member 21 when operated by the key.

It will thus be observed that a lock is pro vided in which operatingmembers occupying the same plane are required to be respectively engagedand cleared by the same ward of the key and in which it is renderedimpossible to provide for the clearing of one of said members by thefiling of a notch without at the same time destroying the ability of thekey to engage the other of said members; also that the employment of anarcuate guard arm adapted to engage within an aperture of the key, whichcannot be substituted by a notch, renders impossible the filing of a keyto t the lock.

I claim 1.- In a lock, the combination with a bolt having a portionthereof projecting into the plane of rotation of the key and adapted foroperative engagement by the key ward, of a guard member arranged tooppose the retraction of the bolt, a second guard member arranged tooppose the key ward, and a pair of guard-operating members arranged tobe engaged and operated each by a key ward, the second guard and theoperating member for the first guard presenting to the same key ward onean unyielding shoulder and the other a surface yielding under thepressure of the ward.

2. In a lock, the combination with a bolt having a portion thereofprojecting into the plane of rotation of the key and adapted foroperative engagement by the key ward, of a pivoted guard member arrangedto oppose the retraction of the bolt, a second pivoted guard memberarranged to oppose a key ward, and a pair of pivoted guard-operatingmembers arranged to be engaged and operated each by a key ward, thesecond guard and the operating member for the first guard being arrangedin a common plane and presenting to the same key ward one an unyieldingshoulder and the other a surface yielding under 'the pressure of theward.

3. In a lock, the combination with a bolt having a portion thereofprojecting into the plane of rotation of the key and adapted foroperative engagement by the key ward, of a guard lever arranged tooppose the retraction of the bolt, a second guard lever arranged tooppose a key ward, and a pair of guard-operating levers arranged to beengaged and operated each by a key ward, the second guard lever and theoperating lever for the first guard being arranged in a commonplane andpresenting to the same key ward one an unyielding shoulder and the othera surface yielding under the pressure of the ward. Y Y e 4.,In a lock,the combination with a bolt having a portion thereof projecting into theplane of rotation of the key and adapted for operative engagement by thekey ward, of a guard lever arranged with its end behind the boltprojection, a second guard lever arranged in the path of a key ward, anoperating lever for the first guard, a link connection between one armof the guard operating lever and the arm of the first guard lever, thefree arm of the guard-op erating lever being disposed in the same planeand adjacent to the end of the second guard lever inthe path of the saidkey ward, a second guard-operating lever, a link connection between thesecond guard-operating lever and the second guard lever, the free end ofthe second guard-operating lever disposed in the same plane as the firstmentioned key ward and in the path of the ward Von the opposite side ofthe key, the first-mentioned ward acting through the firstguardoperating lever to move the first guard lever out of the path ofthe bolt and the second guard-operating lever acting to move the secondguard lever out of the path of the first mentioned guard.

5. In a lock, the combination with a bolt having a portion thereofprojecting into the plane of rotation of the key and adapted foroperative engagement by the key ward, of a guard arm disposed within theplane of rotation of the key, the key having a hole to receive theguardarm and to guide the key thereon.

6. In a lock, the combination with a bolt having a portion thereofprojecting into the plane of rotation of the key and adapted foroperative engagement by the key ward, of an arcuate guard arm disposedwithin the plane of rotation of the key and concentric to the key aXis,the key having a hole to receive the guard arm and to guide the keythereon and provided on its edge oppositeVv the aperture with aguardoperating surface.

7. In a lock, the combination with a bolt having a portion thereofprojecting into the the vpinnefofrota'tion'of thefkeyan'ditdaptedWithin' the pianeof rotation of the key, the for operative engagement bytheV key Ward, fkey Vhaving an aperture to receive the guard -of-anarcuate keyreceivingguard. `plate havarmfand tofguide. the key thereon.

ing wards corresponding to the Wards of the ROY S. MARSH. 5 key, and aninwardly extending guard arm IWitnesses:

carried bythe .plate Vand havingan arcuate LEWIST. GREIST,

portion disposed concentric to the `key 'axis MILTON T. 'MILLER Copiesof this patent may be obtaineaf'orV five cents each, by addressing theCommissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

